Microsoft says MAI-DxO outperformed doctors in diagnostic tests

Microsoft says MAI-DxO, a system that coordinates multiple artificial intelligence agents to question hypotheses, order tests, and reach diagnoses, outperformed doctors in simulations involving complex cases. In the study published in Science, the tool achieved 83% accuracy, compared with 36% for doctors with access to reference materials; on emergency department cases, it scored 80% versus 47% for doctors. Microsoft also says the system reached its answers at a lower estimated cost.

The result does not yet show how the system performs in real care: the tests used previous cases and historical data. Microsoft plans to test the technology with patients in hospitals, including Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, but has not set a timeline. TechCrunch noted that much of the improvement appears to come from the underlying AI models, rather than from agent coordination alone. According to the same outlet, Mustafa Suleyman said Microsoft is working with Mayo Clinic on a healthcare foundation model planned for next year.